Sacrifice, Death, and Atonement in Second Temple Judaism

Sacrifice, Death, and Atonement in Second Temple Judaism

A careful examination of Second Temple Jewish beliefs regarding sacrifice and vicarious suffering and death makes it clear that what was thought to atone for sins was not suffering or death but a renewed commitment to living in accordance with God’s loving will. Both...
Vicarious Death and Atonement in the Second Temple Period

Vicarious Death and Atonement in the Second Temple Period

Numerous passages from Jewish and Greco-Roman writings of antiquity speak of certain persons dying for others or attaining some benefit for them by means of their suffering and death. While it has been common to argue that many of these passages reflect the idea that...
Dying to Be Lutheran

Dying to Be Lutheran

Originally Published: Nov. 20, 2017 What does it mean to be Lutheran? Can one rightly call oneself Lutheran if one does not fully identify with the Northern European culture in which Lutheranism originally arose, or is Lutheranism by nature inseparable from that...